The genomic signatures of adaptations in DNA and the frequency at which natural selection dictates changes to DNA are important questions in the field of molecular population genetics. This field seeks to explain genetic variation and molecular evolution by incorporating the molecular details of DNA as the heritable material. By studying these principles, we can gain insights into how evolution works and how it shapes species. Additionally, molecular population genetics allows us to understand the origins of mutations, their changes in abundance within populations, and their fixation as DNA sequence divergence between species. With the advancements in genomic data acquisition, understanding molecular population genetics has become a fundamental requirement for life scientists today. This knowledge is applicable in various fields such as personal genomics, genome-wide association studies, landscape and conservation genetics, forensics, molecular anthropology, and selection scans. In this book, the theory and practice of molecular population genetics are introduced in a clear and accessible manner.

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