The latest installment in the International Review of Neurobiology series, Volume 170, delves into the realm of Adenosine A2A Receptor Antagonists. This new volume offers a comprehensive look at recent developments in the field, featuring intriguing chapters covering a range of pertinent subjects. These include A2A Adenosine Receptor Agonists, Antagonists, Inverse Agonists, and Partial Agonists, as well as discussions on the chemistry of agonists, antagonists, partial agonists, and inverse agonists. Additionally, the volume explores the functional roles of adenosine receptors in terms of biochemistry and neuronal plasticity, the relationship between A2A receptors and depression, the role of A2AR in glial function, and the expression of the adenosine A2A receptor in the basal ganglia in both health and disease. Furthermore, topics such as heteromerization, functional selectivity, signaling, and the emergence of A2A receptors as a therapeutic target in Parkinson’s disease therapy are also covered in this volume.