In terms of biodiversity, South America is among the world’s richest regions. Even with all of this abundance, current findings alert us to several dangers to biodiversity. Currently, the development and use of assisted reproductive methods (ARTs) for animal conservation stands out as an approach to lower the rate of extinction of animal species. As a result, this book serves as a valuable resource for professionals and students interested in wildlife conservation by compiling information on recent scientific studies involving the development of ARTs for the conservation of wild mammalian species in South America.