This compilation comprises a series of essays authored by the late bioethicist John D. Arras, who was widely recognized for his significant contributions to the methodology of bioethics. Arras, known for his open-mindedness, did not endorse any singular theory or perspective on the method in bioethics, deliberately avoiding categorizations such as “casuist” or “pragmatist.” He possessed a comprehensive understanding of the primary philosophical methods that have shaped bioethics since its inception, including principlism, Gert’s common morality, the “new casuistry,” pragmatism, and others.

However, instead of advocating for a specific theory or method, Arras diligently examined these methods and their capacity to both broaden and restrict our field of vision. In the spirit of Kierkegaard, he aimed to challenge the analytical methods of bioethics, making the discipline more demanding. Arras predominantly expressed his thoughts and conducted explorations through thoughtful essays, which are compiled in this volume. These essays demonstrate his ability to critically analyze new problems and possibilities, consistently offering fresh and valuable insights.